Plain-language reference articles on medicines, regulation and pricing — in South Africa and worldwide.
2026-07-21 · regulation · SAHPRA · FDA · EMA · WHO
A plain-language guide to how new medicines are evaluated and registered by major regulators — the FDA, EMA, MHRA, SAHPRA and the WHO prequalification programme.
Read article →2026-07-21 · generics · bioequivalence · pricing
What a generic medicine actually is, how bioequivalence testing works, why generics are cheaper than originators, and how generic substitution works in South Africa.
Read article →2026-07-21 · pricing · SEP · South Africa
How South Africa’s Single Exit Price system works: one regulated price per medicine, the annual price adjustment, dispensing fees, and how to look up any SEP.
Read article →2026-07-21 · NAPPI · coding · South Africa
NAPPI codes uniquely identify every medicine pack sold in South Africa. What the code means, who issues it, and how it compares to ATC codes and the US NDC system.
Read article →2026-07-21 · WHO · essential medicines · policy
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines shapes which medicines health systems prioritise worldwide. How the list works and how South Africa’s EML relates to it.
Read article →2026-07-21 · ATC · WHO · classification · NAPPI · NDC · medicine regulation
Learn how the WHO's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system organises medicines globally, and how it differs from pack-level codes like NAPPI and NDC.
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